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Theories of International Relations: An Introduction to Realism, Liberalism and Idealism

A  theory of international relations  is a set of ideas that explains how the international system works. Unlike an ideology, a theory of international relations is (at least in principle) backed up with concrete evidence. The two major theories of international relations are realism and liberalism. National Interest Most theories of international relations are based on the idea that states always act in accordance with their  national interest, or the interests of that particular state. State interests often include self-preservation, military security, economic prosperity, and influence over other states. Sometimes two or more states have the same national interest. For example, two states might both want to foster peace and economic trade. And states with diametrically opposing national interests might try to resolve their differences through negotiation or even war. Realism According to  realism,  states work only to increase their own...

Disarmament

In International relations disarmament is a concept to eliminate all types of weapons for preserving world peace and to save world from war. Though war has led this world towards destruction therefore doctrines of International relations (liberalist) gave the idea of “disarmament”. Disarmament is the dismantling and destruction of all forms of military weapons or all weapons of a particular type (as in the elimination of nuclear, biological or chemical weapons)  1 . In other words “disarmament is reducing to zero either all weaponry in national arsenals (as in general and complete disarmament) or all weapons for a particular type or kind (as in elimination of biological and chemical weapons).  Before further discussion on disarmament one must clear common confusion which has misled many of us; arms control and disarmament are two terms with distant meanings and discrete issue in International relations . Disarmament VS Arms Control: Students of International Relations...

The Role Of Pressure Groups

T here are difficulties in defining the many types of pressure groups. For example, political parties are sometimes included. However, a common definition excludes political parties, concentrating on those groups wishing to influence government policies and activities, whilst remaining apart from government. There are two types of pressure groups: 1.  sectional; and 2.  promotional. Sectional Lobby Groups This includes self-interest groups such as: trade unions; business and farming associations; churches; ethnic associations; pensioner groups; and returned service personnel. Promotional Lobby Groups This category promotes particular causes, beliefs or values such as: conservation; women’s issues; Aboriginal; civil; or moral rights. Both types of lobby groups can overlap, since an organisation established on a sectional basis can also promote issues based on particular causes, beliefs or values. For example, the Returned Services League was establishe...